Microevolution essays

Microevolution essays Microevolution is a small evolution or change to a specie over a period of generations, which give so many varieties of animals on earth. In early human history, people would try to explain observable events by noting that they were a natural happenings. Aristotle was one of the first naturalist. He gave great in depth descriptions of the world through his eyes. He believed along with manyo theres that all organisms were different from the rest. Even though he believed this he still tried to understand what some organisms were for when they had strange roles in nature. From these early observations, naturalist were made to be aware of nature, but until the 15th century naturalist were only aware of things in nature in Europe. Soon though they would make trips to Asia, Africa, and the New World. Such naturalist like Thomas Moufet were astonished at the vast array of species they discovered in these new areas. After travel was extended around the world scholars created an idea called biogeography. Biogeography means that the geography surrounding an area affected the certain species that inhabited the area. Later, in the 1600's geologists added to the naturalist's confusion by producing fossils that showed early species of their current organisms. This gave to the idea of evolution, or that over time species were changed to better themselves in their environment. New discoveries were not found until in the 19th century when Charles Darwin became a naturalist. He gave way top his Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection which stated that populations could evolve over time when individuals differ in heritable traits responsible for their survival and reproduction. Evolution cannot happen to just one organism. Evolution is something that occurs in a population. Evolution takes place when different alleles are inherited by descendants and the alleles are combined in different ways, mutated, or just change to help brin...

The Corporals Combat Boots Essays - Corporal, Combat Boot

The Corporals Combat Boots Essays - Corporal, Combat Boot The Corporals Combat Boots You must know the world before you know yourself. Most would say Corporal Swim was mimicking a broken record player when it came to saying this phrase. Every day, he would dress in the noble U.S. Army uniform, providing guidance with his words to the young soldiers who had left home to protect a nation in a world they knew so little about. Like clockwork, at the same time every day, he would retire back to his cookie cutter house locked securely behind the gates protected by the worlds most elite force, and just moments after entering, he would watch the little girl run wildly around their crowded living room wearing his oversized combat boots stating matter-of-factly, I know I want to be exactly like you someday, Daddy, and right on cue, his philosophical phrase would once again be spoken. I never quite understood what my father meant as I traipsed around and looked up at him in admiration when he spoke those words. Little did I know there would come a day that I would understand th at the true meaning of the phrase was being taught to me from the day I first stepped into the Corporals combat boots. From a very young age, my father taught me the importance of higher education. The mystery behind why my father was so insistent became crystal clear to me at an age that most have nothing to worry about except which action figure or Barbie doll they wanted to play with. The name embroidered into the honorable uniform he wore held a shadowed past that was the direct opposite of the values he stood for every day. The cycle that members of his family so often fell prey to was a looming shadow waiting to clench its next victim tightly in its grasp and never let go. He was one of the unlucky ones. The cycle of poverty and alcoholism took him as its prisoner like it did to so many generations before him. Little did I know that the man I looked up to was handcuffed into the life he was living because he never finished school. The military was the silver lining my father sought out in desperation. Unfortunately for him, he would be forever branded and influenced by the cycle of poverty. Though I was free to seek out my own dreams, the Corporal made me promise him one thing: I was not to make the same mistake he did. The most important lesson I would come to learn from him was that submission to poverty is not disgraceful to any man, but to make no effort to escape the reins of poverty is the most dishonorable action any man can take. I was to be the first member of my family to break the chains of the cycle. How was a young girl with no experience in the world to do such a monumental task? Like a sweet dream in the nighttime that a dreamer never wants to end, I spent my days forming my unspoken dream that always lingered in the background: being in the military. As I started to grow older in childhood, this dream only became more prominent. I would graduate high school and continue my fathers legacy as an enlisted soldier. And just like that, I would hear the phrase again. At that moment, I realized what he was trying to tell me. Until then, the military lifestyle was all I had ever known. The world was so full of opportunity, and to think that I did not even know a tenth of that information both discouraged and pushed me to learn all that I could. Information that most would deem useless, I consider to be absolutely fascinating. I have always been collecting and processing information in an attempt to decode this thing we call the world, and as it turns out, no amount of knowledge possessed by anyone could allow them to truly understand this world. What does matter is that since I first stepped into my fathers combat boots that day as a child, I have possessed an unearthly amount of information because I chose to, not because anyone

Messoud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Messoud - Assignment Example There were several research papers written in this regard. One of the significant literatures in this case was that of Beverley R. Lord, titled as â€Å"Strategic Management Accounting: The Emperor’s New Clothes?† The title itself is a strong evidence of what the literature is actually aiming at. Inclusively, Beverley R. Lord in her literature intended to evaluate the theoretical aspect of the concept and compare its effectiveness with few real life examples. This was due to the fact that the author realised that despite numerous journals, essays and literatures based on the concept there were only a handful of examples related to the implication of the concept. Strategic Management Accounting with its given attributes, uniting the theory of management accounting with strategic planning makes it a complex and debatable concept. Thereby, gathering all the features of the concept and relating it with its implication in a single literature is indeed difficult. However, in the literature, the author, Beverley R. Lord has tried to bring all these aspects together (Lord, 1996). Advantages and limitations of any paper, especially research paper highly depends on the personal knowledge and belief of the author(s). In this context, the author, Beverley R. Lord is a professional acquiring the position of the Department Head of Accounting and Information Systems in the University of Canterbury. Her research interests are concentrated on the issues related to fresh management accounting approaches, the accounting techniques used in different organisations along with the history and education of the accounting concept. Her few recent publications include, ‘Assessing the Implementation of Institutional Change in Local Government: Christchurch City Council and the Long Term Community Council Plan’, ‘Management accounting change in a Chinese state-owned enterprise: an

Medical Financial definition of terms Research Paper

Medical Financial definition of terms - Research Paper Example The PMPM is used in the analysis of the parameters of the different health status of the patients. The PMPM feed paid to the health home care providers is determined by several factors (Wodchis, Hirth & Fries, 2007). The health home program in the New York Medicaid adjusts the PMPM that is paid to the health care providers according to the enrollment volume, region, and the case mix. There are plans to incorporate the patient’s functional status in the near future by the New York Medicaid program as one of the determinants of the consideration in paying the Health Home providers. The New York Medicaid program provides for payment of a case finding Per Member per Month bill, which is a cheaper amount. â€Å"The case finding PMPM is provided during the first few weeks of the program to cater for reimbursement of engagement and outreach services† (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services, 2011). The provisions of the New York Medicaid are that the billing of active medic al care management of the enrolled patients is only made when a health care manager is assigned to the patient. â€Å"The New York Medicaid health home program has various managed care plans, which give the guidelines for the payment if the contracted medical professionals† (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services, 2011). ... cost of medical care in Medicaid, the capitalization is used to ensure that all medical expenses including the payment of the providers and the expenses of purchase of drugs are paid for and accounted for (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services, 2011). Acuity score in Case Management Medicaid â€Å"The term acuity score in case management stands for the levels into which patients are assigned depending on their health status† (Sparer, Brown & Cover, 1999). In Medicaid, a specified criterion is used to categorize patients into levels with point values called equity scores which very according to the life area that the condition of the patient is allocated to. The acuity score of the patient is assigned under two life areas. These are the basic and medical needs. Each one of the life areas has different levels with corresponding points or acuity scores (Sparer, Brown & Cover, 1999). According to Meade and Pope (2007), in Medicaid, the first level of the basic needs life area has one point and it includes various basic needs. These are sustenance items such as clothing and food. The Medicaid provides that the items in this level are made available through the means of the patient. The second level in the basic needs life area has an acuity score of 4 points. The needs in this level are for the sustenance of the patient. According to the provisions of the Medicaid program, the patient should be able to meet these needs with occasional assistance. â€Å"This means that emergence assistance is not required in this level. The assistance needed to perform the ADL by the patient who scores 4 points is usually weekly† (Meade & Pope, 2007). The third level of the basic needs life area is where the acuity score of the patient is six points. At this level, the patient requires

Scholar or High School student Essay Example for Free

Scholar or High School student Essay What will you do when you have already finished your high school education? Will you going to attend college or look for a jobs that fit your position. To me, there was no doubt on whether I want to attend college or start working after I finished my high school because I believe attending college only will benefit to our ownselve. Pretend you are the employer, will you hire someone that with a college graduates or someone that only have their high school diploma? I do not deny the fact that college life would lead me a better future. There are many reasons for why I decided to go to college. One reason I decided to go to college is that I want to have a better career. I know some of you might said theres no need to have a college diploma in order to get a job. Yes, this is true. But will you believe you can actually get the jobs that you really wanted, or the jobs that you will enjoy from it. My answer is not so sure. I say that not many places would take many serious if you just had a High school Diploma. I argue that if I go to college, I can gain more informations and expand my knowledge in lots of different area, as well as the area that I have most interested in. In todays world, lots of job require education to have beyond high school level, so if I have attend college, I will have more jobs opportunities in my future life. Some people might say that they also can get lots of jobs when they dont have college diploma, but I say do you think that you really can get the same paid and same treatments when you c ompare to those that had already attend college? In my future life, I want to have a job that I wont complain about the paid or any others unfair treatment. I want to get a career that I wanted instead of the career that I can get. In order to do this, I need to attend college. Another reason I decided to go to college is that I want to increase my experience. Some people might say going to work also increase your experiences. You can open your view anywhere around you. But I say,  college lifes experience would be much different from any others. I will live in a new enviroment, people around me will be totally different, and also, I will have a new lifestyle when I was in college. I endorse that colleges life is the opening experiences for any teenagers in their life because they wont have any conselors stand beside them and told them what to do and what not to do. It is the chances for me to learn how to depend on my own and take responsibility for any action that I had done to myself. So, college is the place for me get to experience new things and try to be prepare for my own future life. My last but not the least reasons for why I decided to go to college is that I want to make my family proud of me. In my life, the most familiar words that my family told me was that Im the only child in my family that having a chance to go to college. They hope that I can attend college and being graduated. In my childhood, I always heard my family relative talk with my mother with a unrespectful attitude. I want to go to college and finish my academic, when I receive my diploma, I will show them that my mom have a college graduates daughter and show my family that I can become somebody one day. In conclusion, if I have a chance attending college, why not take advantage of it? It obviously wont hurt me if I choose to go to college. Maybe going through my college life would be difficult, but I celebrate the fact that I wont regret because everything I learn will stay in my mind forever and ever.

Jack Kerouac’s The Dharma Bums Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Jack Kerouac’s The Dharma Bums Jack Kerouac’s The Dharma Bums does not fall too far from a basic description of his life. Kerouac spent the bulk of his writing career riding trains from city to city, meeting people and writing books and poetry. He was among the premier writers of the Beat Generation, a group of primarily urban poets and writers who put the basics of life and their spiritual nuances into poetry with a beat. The book, The Dharma Bums, is a window into the daily structure of the Beat Generation. Kerouac wrote The Dharma Bums while living the life of a bum, riding from city to city as a stowaway on various trains. He used an old portable typewriter that fed from a large roll of paper, into the typewriter, and back into a roll. This was a source of irritation to his publisher later on as Kerouac handed him a large roll of typed paper while announcing his new book. The book took only two weeks to write. It was one book of an unintentionally related series later referred to as the Dulouz Tales. Kerouac’s previous book, On the Road, defined the Beat Generation, and while expanding this explanation, The Dharma Bums focused more on the reasoning of the Beat Generation. Focusing often on the Zen Buddhist beliefs of Ray, Kerouac’s character in The Dharma Bums, and Japhy, Ray’s best friend and spiritual mentor, the book often loses itself in pondering the meanings of life. Kerouac not only broaches the Zen Buddhist beliefs on the various issues, but also touches on how Christians, Taoists, and Muslims see the same issues. All this is affected in the dry, down to earth style of writing Kerouac became famous for. Kerouac’s matter of fact style is evident throughout The Dharma Bums. When, during conversation, Kerou... ...lly realized. The Dharma Bums, as a whole, supplies an inside examination of the life of a beat poet. It allows the reader to watch and almost experience the questions and conflicts faced by many young beatniks during the late 50’s and early 60’s. Travelling from the cities to the summits of the Sierra Mountains, The Dharma Bums not only answered those questions for some, but apparently sparked questions in many. Following the publishing of The Dharma Bums, one year after On The Road, something began called the "rucksack revolution" as hundreds of young people grabbed their backpacks and rucksacks and headed for the hills and trains and fields, searching out their own answers to their own questions. The Dharma Bums had broken through to many, and where On the Road placed the Beat Generation on the map, The Dharma Bums gave detailed directions on how to get there.

Fiction and Literary Works Essay

With that said, it is important to remember that all literary works cannot always be easily classified into a single genre. Moreover, literary works which might be classified as belonging to one genre might possess many qualities more typical of other genres. For example, Shakespeare’s Macbeth is classified as drama, but in many respects takes the form of poetry. In other words, sometimes the differences between categories like drama, poetry, and the short story are not so easily defined. Often a short story might contain poetic or dramatic qualities, or a poem might include narrative and dramatic features. In your post, summarize the major similarities and differences between the forms of drama, poetry, and the short story. Demonstrate your ideas with textual examples from the course readings. In your response, include at least one example of each literary form. If you wish, you may also point to examples which indicate the blurring of literary genres (e. g. , the poetic qualities of Macbeth or the dramatic elements of Gift of the Magi). There are so much to say when it comes to similarities with drama, poetry and a short story. Personally I see that all three have some subliminal message for the audience whether it is lessons learn or an experience personal to the writer. In literary perspectives, like mentioned above, sometimes a poem or short story can merge with another genre such as drama. An example of a short story that can be drama is perhaps â€Å"The Necklace† because the story is about a lady who borrows and loses something her friend lent her and went through so much trouble to replace it instead of coming clean with the friend. A drama is meant to have characters that perform and we see this is a short story known as â€Å"I’m Going† where we see the characters clearly speaking and also we get narrative information to help the audience understand the plot and setting. Poetry is written in different formats or rhythms but can also tell a story but does not always have a plot. All have some sort of tone to set the seriousness or relax humor of the literary work. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is a poem which tells a story of a father and son yet there are also dramatic features as the story is told.

Mr aaban Essay

An employee’s contract of employment may be terminated by either the employer or the employer or the employee giving the notice required by the applicable award or the industrial Relation act 1990. Where the prescribed notice is not given, the employee shall be paid wages in lieu of notice, or the employer may withhold wages due to the employee. Part 2 Notwithstanding Part 1 above, where any employee is guilty of misconduct, the contract of employment may be terminated instantaneously. Where it is alleged that an employee is guilty of misconduct, the employee shall be provided with details of the allegation/s and be given a reasonable opportunity to respond to allegations prior to a decisions being made to either terminate the employment or to issue a written warning. Part 3 where it is alleged that an employee’s capacity or performance is unsatisfactory, then the following procedure should be followed. The existence of this procedure shall not prevent an employee being dismissed in accordance with part 2 above. The initial discussion and direction will be provided on an informal basis by Business manager of other authorised person. If the problem/s persist the Business manager to other authorised person will discuss with employee. 1. the matter/s of concern; 2. action necessary to resolve the concerns; and 3. a timetable for improvement to be evidence. input including explanations will be sought from the employee. As a result of this discussion the Business manager or other authorised person will notify the employee in writing regarding those matters in question discussed per clause 3. 5 above The notice will detail; 1 the matter/s of concern; 2. actions necessary to resolve the concerns; 3. a timetable for improvement to be evidenced. This notice will be signed and confirmed by the employee to recorded the discussion (3) above. of there is a disagreement as to the content of the notice the employee shall have the opportunity for their view to be placed on the record. Appropriate monitoring and counselling shall then be provided to the employee by the business manager or other authorised person. part 4 at any meeting or discussion forming part of the process in part2 or 3, the employee nay be accompanied by a union representative or other person of the employee’s choosing. Macville Private Incident Hazard Form Incident/ Hazard Report Form Given Name: John Family name: Dawson Position Title: Equipment Assistant International? Yes No Visiting Student Agency Personnel Visitor Contractor Employee number/ Student ID : s654 Address: 57 Mitford Crescent Craigieburn Division: 50 Management Unit: 15 TAFE Unit/ Sub Management Unit: 20 DOB: 02/06/1985 Gender: M F Contact details: 86557342 Have you reported this to your Team Leader/ Manager? Yes No Date 15/08/2012 notified Yes Name ( please Print): Matthew Contact: 0432654678 Macville Private Questions and Answers for Incident Hazard Form Question1. Feed back for the use of Templates: Answer: For Incident Hazard form we got feedback from the employees and management committee so made some changes in it. In incident hazard form we got the feedback from employee suggested that we need to add more question in section 2 details of incident. Rest of the format for this template was achieved good response from all of them. Question 2. Change in template after feedback Answer: According to the feedback on the use of template we made some changes in for example we add some more question regarding the incident so we after giving the answer to those question we have more information what actually happened. Question 3. How to provide information for document Answer: We can use Meta tag which is primary used to help search engines better index a document by supplying additional information about the document. Question4 : Which particular section of the form should prior check the form? Answer: In incident hazard form first check the details of the person to check they are appropriate and then check the details of the incidents what actually happened. Question 5: which software used to make forms for example? Answer: For Incident Form we used software Microsoft word. Macville Private Question and answer for Performance Development form Question1 : Feedback for the use of Templates Answer: Fro the Professional development form we got feedback from the employees and management committee so made some changes in it. First of all we just asked in the form for professional goals then they suggested that if we achieved good response from all of them. Question2. Change in template after feedback Answer: According to the feedback on the use of template we made some changes in for example we made another column of personal goals in professional development form so we can achieve both goal employee’s personal and professional Question3 : How to provide information for document Answer: We can use Meta tag which is primarily used to help search engines better index a document by supplying additional information about the document. Question4: Which particular section of the form should prior check the form Answer: In Performance development form all the sections are important but firstly we will check the Name of the person and date of reviewed and there goals. Question5: Provide clear instruction for the use of all three forms. Answer: Development form is a really good way to know the employee’s work performance that how the employee is doing the job and what he/she want to achieve from doing that job and what/where they can do best in the future for the organisation to achieve their target’s and mission.

Students Speaking Anxiety Essay Sample

Students Speaking Anxiety Essay Sample Students Speaking Anxiety Essay Example Students Speaking Anxiety Essay Example Language learners often consider learning a second language as a difficult task because of a veritable fear of performing unknown grammar, phonology and writing. In other words, language anxiety could be a serious obstacle for learners. Due to the globalization process, there arose an absolute necessity of studying a foreign language because it allows students and people all over the world to communicate and exchange cultural experience. Reducing ESL Students Speaking Anxiety inside the Classroom Mutual understanding is impossible when people speak different languages and, therefore, language teachers admit that learning a foreign language is a challenging task that depends on social and cultural background, age, aptitude, motivation, learning styles and personality (Randall, 2007). According to Humphries (2011), â€Å"Anxiety is the subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness and worry associated with an arousal of the autonomic nervous system† (p. 66). It has been found to depend on many aspect of learning and can be applied to the second language learning. The feeling of apprehension and tension relates to the second language environments and contexts, including listening, learning and speaking (The Language Learner, n.d.). The problem of language anxiety is serious because it prevents students from acquiring new knowledge and expanding their experience in communication and interaction. Therefore, there should be specific strategies that would help them overcome the fear of interaction. Causes of Language Anxiety Language anxiety was studied by numerous theorists who have been striving to define both its internal and external factors. There are different aspects affecting language anxiety such as gender, cultural affiliation or teaching methods. For example, Hewitt and Stephenson (2011) focus on the assessment of impact of language anxiety encountered by foreign language students on their oral performance. The results of the interview have detected students with anxiety presenting different outcomes and aspects, which have been improved in the course of gradual adjustment. Apart from cultural affiliations and the types of assignments presented to ESL learners, there are specific personal characteristics, which influence the development of language anxiety. Thus, Dewaele (2013) has focused on the analysis of psychological, emotional and socio-biographical factors to show the link between student’s perception and language anxiety. By dividing students into four groups, the author seeks to explore whether language anxiety is associated with personality features such as neuroticism. Despite previous findings, it has been reported that there is a strong correlation between language anxiety and neuroticism, sharing up to 25% of probability. Additionally, significant correlations were found between psychoticism and extraversion. Social environment and context also affect students’ feeling of language anxiety. As a result, teachers should reconsider methodological dimensions and teaching techniques that can contribute to the reduction of language learning fears and anxieties. In particular, close attention should be paid to the nature of language interactions and the language itself (Wesely, 2013). There is also a strong connection between language anxiety and emotional intelligence. In particular, Chinese students’ emotional intelligence and its relation to English classroom learning anxiety in three universities of China were explored. Several important conclusions have been made. To begin with, over half of Chinese students had a high level of emotional intelligence, and only one third of them faced language anxiety. Second, moderate and strong correlations among students’ emotional intelligence, English achievement, foreign language anxiety and self-rated English proficiency have been detected. Third, language anxiety has had a strong effect on emotional intelligence in forecasting English achievement. Finally, foreign language also significantly influences the relationship between self-rated English proficiency and emotional intelligence. The nature of language anxiety could be associated with gender and age issues as well. Nahavandi and Jayakaran (2013) have conducted the research on 548 students who study in Jahad-e-Daneshgahi institute. It was aimed at evaluating language anxiety at English classes, communication apprehension and text anxiety. There was also an attempt to understand whether anxiety aspects are distinguished in terms of gender, social backgrounds and proficiency levels. The results have showed that students have differently experienced the higher side of the range. Specifically, it has been reported that communication anxiety has been found to be the major anxiety problem in comparison to other aspects. Furthermore, gender did not have a positive correlation with the feeling of anxiety. At the same time, anxiety has been largely dependent on proficiency level. Gender distribution in classes could also be a serious aspect affecting language anxiety and second language performance. In the study by Park and French (2013), attention was paid to the analysis of Second Language Classroom Anxiety Scale among 948 university students who study English in Korea. Several conclusions can be drawn from the results of the study. Specifically, it has been reported that females have higher anxiety levels as well as higher grades in comparison to males. Furthermore, gender influence is not specifically associated with the items presented in the scale. The findings, therefore, have been discussed with practical and theoretical implications for a deeper understanding of the nature and causes of anxiety. When it concerns teaching techniques, students often resort to different forms of learning, which are encouraged by motivation and attitude. However, the latter two are largely affected by language anxiety. In this context, Jain and Sidhu (2013) have introduced their outlook on the correlation between anxiety and motivation among ESL learners. The data was collected with the help of questionnaires and software to define the identified relationship. The findings have shown there is a strong negative correlation between ESL learning and gender, discipline and language proficiency. Additionally, it has been reported that science students have much higher positive attitude to language learning as compared to non-science learning. Interestingly, students with lower proficiency have a stronger relationship in motivation and attitude as compared to high proficiency students. Influence of Language Anxiety on Students inside the Classroom It should be admitted that language anxiety is explicitly revealed in the classroom as teachers could define the level of student’s readiness for English language learning. In this respect, MacIntyre and Gregersen (2012) have stated, â€Å"in the classroom, anxious learners tend to freeze up in role-play activities, forget previously learned material, are less likely to volunteer answers, and participate less than their non-anxious counterparts† (p. 104). Anxious students sometimes answer by learning more but complete courses with lower levels of achievement. Such a situation is explained by students’ increased level of anxiety and their inability to cope with nervous situations. Furthermore, the feeling of being disregarded for their performance and achievements can be the genuine reason for significant frustration among anxious learners. Anxious students are less enthusiastic about responding and correcting their mistakes and rely heavily on their own emotions. What is more important, they often exercise avoidance behavior, such as procrastinating or skipping classes, which can be associated with a high level of personal standards. Partidge and Eamoraphan (2015) have also dedicated their studies to the analysis of students’ foreign language anxiety through a cooperative learning in Thailand. The study has been confined to four objectives. First of all, the scholars have sought to discuss the level of reported language anxiety in the classroom. Second, they have compared the difference between the extent of classroom anxiety of the focus group before and after learning by means of cooperative learning approach. The third objective was to perform a comparative analysis of the differences between groups before and after the introduction approach. Fourth, the authors have compared the difference between language classroom anxiety, communication apprehension and negative evaluation before and after the introduction of a learning approach. Additionally, the classroom anxiety is a broader concept that could also include language learning anxiety. There are different factors affecting foreign language acquisitio n in the classroom. According to Partidge and Eamoraphan (2015), â€Å"the affective variable includes the student’s motivation, self-confidence, and their anxiety/ the affective variables are factors that affect learning and can act as a filter which is known as the affective filter† (p. 176). Strategies for Reducing Speaking Anxiety Since the nature of language learning anxiety refers to social, psychological and cultural reasons, the methods of reducing the level of anxiety could also be different. As such, Partidge and Eamoraphan (2015) have proposed the method of cooperative learning, an instructional method that allows achieving results in pairs and teams, pledging students to be more enthusiastic, relying on their partners or members of the group. The benefits of this strategy will show how extraverts and introverts could cooperate to deal with the problem of communication. The findings confirm that students did not show significant improvements before and after cooperative learning. However, the study has also supported the idea that language anxiety depends more on personal characteristics rather than on the ability of working in a team. Specifically, the author has argued that â€Å"language anxiety [has] to be a stable personality trait which occurs when the student has to use a language they are not p roficient in† (Partidge Eamoraphan, 2015, p. 181). Considering this idea, language anxiety could be regarded as a stable phenomenon and students should work on personal achievement before they enter a specific group. In case students encounter foreign language anxiety, the teachers should define what types of actions – direct or indirect- should be taken. They should cope with anxiety through the development of a less provoking environment. A range of techniques should be applied to help students to deal with their fears, making the classroom setting is less provoking and reducing the level of foreign language anxiety. Piazzoli (2011) has put forward an interesting theory regarding the means of reducing language learning anxiety. Specifically, the author integrates a research project that is aimed at analysis of what happens when drama strategies are applied to a higher level of language learning. The author has offered six process drama workshops as a part of the three-year Italian course in Australia. The findings have suggested that authentic contexts and dramatic tensions should be outlined for the participants in the study, which can be engaged into target language production with the interference of spontaneous communication. Additionally, the results have also reported about affective space developed by the process of drama, which was essential in introducing the extent of language anxiety among the participants. The analysis of these components should be related to the training programs developed for teachers and students. There are different aspects of these methods because they provide a specific theoretical and practical framework through which students could learn more about effective and interesting methods of learning. Prior to understanding the genuine methods of learning, teachers should pay specific attention to the cultural, psychological and emotional background of students. In this context, it is highly important to introduce a specific counseling system to learn more about student’s psychological profile and adjust the corresponding learning techniques. Integrating face-to-face interviews with school counselors will help teachers better understand what type of teaching approaches should be introduced. For instance, in case a student is defined as extravert, it can be possible to engage him/her into the development of collaborative projects in which students can exchange i deas and become less stressed with the classroom environment. When it comes to introvert students, it is possible to develop specific technological tools to help them feel more comfortable (Cassady, 2010). The analysis of these issues could be more appropriate for understanding psychological and emotional dimensions of the learning process. Further, the type of language learned and the national affiliation of students play an important role in the way they perceive second language learning. For instance, foreign students who study English language in the country of this language will definitely feel more anxiety than those who study English language in their native country. This factor should be considered by educators to adjust their teaching theories accordingly. Apart from external factors and analysis of student’s characteristics, there are also specific teaching methods, such as a psychological approach. In fact, Mahmud and Suryana (2015) have admitted that language learners should be approached individually. There are two basic methods to redeem language learners’ level of fear and language anxiety such as classroom setting and learner centre solution. In a certain context, the best solution to cope with the problem is to implement a holistic approach by evaluating learner’s individual traits and the effectiveness of classroom management. At this point, language teachers should find out more about new teaching materials as well as about the psychological aspects of teaching. Training programs should both encourage student to be less narrow-focused and be more opened. Specifically, the task of teachers is to ignite student’s motivation and desire to communicate with peers. In case of failure, educators should find out the way to make reluctant students act in the classroom environment and perform different tasks. In the majority of cases, students who participated in the training programs had a better awareness of their problems and were more prone to start regulating their behavior with regard to external demands. Teachers could also engage students’ parents in solving the problem of language anxiety. A holistic approach is the best solution in this case because it embraces new collaborative ideas in which cultural, psychological and educational dimensions are taken into consideration. Teachers should also inform students about the significance and challenges of second language learning to keep them more motivated and enthusiastic. In other words, acknowledgment of the possible difficulties and obstacles can make students be ready for these challenges and will be more predictable in the outcomes of learning. Higher awareness of the difficulties will also make them less stressed when they make certain mistakes. Additionally, the task of the teacher is to pay attention to individual traits that make students unique. Highlighting their achievements and controlling their performance will provide a powerful framework for the development of new methods of learning in case of failure of the previous ones. The majority of students emphasized the need for independence and intrinsic motivation for external regulation, whereas others were more concerned with the external motivating factors. Teacher’s obligation is to notice these differences in order to timely offer support and help. Further, teachers should also encourage their students to be more self-motivated; they should invent new approaches to make students more enthusiastic about their problems and challenges (Cassady, 2010). What is more important, they should serve both as teachers and counselors, expressing their concern with the emotional and psychological state of students. In fact, self-regulation is one of the most challenging and exciting aspects of foreign language learning because it embraces cognitive dimension and introduces a specific space for analyzing attitudes, emotions, beliefs and motivation for context and cultural communication. It is also a powerful source for personal development and self-determinatio n. There are many other approaches that can enhance students’ awareness and reduce language anxiety. Teaching students to be self-reliant and independent can have a positive influence on language anxiety reduction. Further, enhancing students’ proficiency will also facilitate the reduction of language reduction as well as introduce more motivation and independence to students. Internal factors play a much more significant role in reducing the consequences of language proficiency. In fact, the development of learning strategies should also be congruent with the specifics of the training programs accepted in a specific educational establishment. At this point, teachers should make everything possible to inform about the details of the program and provide new schemes for its successful accomplishment. This dimension should also correlate with the student’s readiness to enter a new language environment. Such aspects as gender and age should be taken into consideration since it has been found that females feel greater levels of anxiety as compared to male students (Alrabai, 2014). Besides, they could also introduce a certain level of readiness to accept challenges and changes. In case students are reluctant and unmotivated, the task of the teacher is to notice the way students accept new information and acquire new knowledge. As soon as these challenges are considered with greater detail, teachers can create new theoretical and practical frameworks within w hich they can improve the quality of education at schools and reduce the level of language anxiety. In conclusion, the students should realize the significance of learning a foreign language at schools in order to develop and maintain strong motivation to learn English. It is also useful for students to further confirm their awareness of the significance of ESL learning when studying in higher education establishments. Motivation can allow students to establish achievable goals for their foreign language learning. Additionally, students should also enhance their attention, volitional control and motivation. The majority of students who take part in the studies focused on their independence. Therefore, a holistic approach plays an important role since the majority of the studies reviewed above underscored the importance of integrating collaborative teams in the classrooms for reducing language anxieties. In such a way, it is possible to understand how these challenges could be reduced and dealt with. Most of these challenges could be removed with the help of introducing counseling a nd analysis of these aspects. Higher awareness of the significance of foreign language learning could be estimated by teachers who should constantly control the level of students’ engagement and performance. Lower level of awareness will stipulate students’ anxiety despite the high emotional intelligence level and proficiency. In general, the development of anxiety reducing strategy should be associated with the expanded notion of language anxiety, which does not often relate to students’ knowledge of the subject but to their ability to communicate, their personal psychological traits and overall social and cultural background. The latter should also be taken into consideration since there could be many national affiliations in these groups. Awareness of personal weak and strong points will help students be more confident in their knowledge and proficiency. The language proficiency level is also essential because it has a direct impact on language anxiety among students. However, sometimes lover level of language proficiency is outweighed by certain psychological and emotional characteristics of students.

Follow the evolution of the road from path to pavement

Follow the evolution of the road from path to pavement The first indications of constructed roads date from about 4000 BC and consist of stone-paved streets at Ur in modern-day Iraq and timber roads preserved in a swamp in Glastonbury, England. Late 1800s Road Builders The road builders of the late 1800s depended solely on stone, gravel, and sand for construction. Water would be used as a binder to give some unity to the road surface. John Metcalfe, a Scot born in 1717, built about 180 miles of roads in Yorkshire, England (even though he was blind). His well-drained roads were built with three layers: large stones; excavated road material; and a layer of gravel. Modern tarred roads were the result of the work of two Scottish engineers, Thomas Telford and John Loudon McAdam. Telford designed the system of raising the foundation of the road in the center to act as a drain for water. Thomas Telford (born 1757) improved the method of building roads with broken stones by analyzing stone thickness, road traffic, road alignment, and gradient slopes. Eventually, his design became the norm for all roads everywhere. John Loudon McAdam (born 1756) designed roads using broken stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small stones to create a hard surface. McAdams design, called macadam roads, provided the greatest advancement in road construction. Asphalt Roads Today, 96% of all paved roads and streets in the U.S. - almost two million miles - are surfaced with asphalt. Almost all paving asphalt used today is obtained by processing crude oils. After everything of value is removed, the leftovers are made into asphalt cement for pavement. Man-made asphalt consists of compounds of hydrogen and carbon with minor proportions of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Natural forming asphalt, or brea, also contains mineral deposits. The first road use of asphalt occurred in 1824 when asphalt blocks were placed on the Champs-Élysà ©es in Paris. Modern road asphalt was the work of Belgian immigrant Edward de Smedt at Columbia University in New York City. By 1872, De Smedt had engineered a modern, well-graded, maximum-density asphalt. The first uses of this road asphalt were in Battery Park and on Fifth Avenue in New York City in 1872 and on Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington D.C., in 1877. History of Parking Meters Carlton Cole Magee invented the first parking meter in 1932 in response to the growing problem of parking congestion. He patented it in 1935 (US patent #2,118,318) and started the Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter Company to manufacturer his parking meters. These early parking meters were produced at factories in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma. The first was installed in 1935 in Oklahoma City. The meters were sometimes met with resistance from citizen groups; vigilantes from Alabama and Texas attempted to destroy the meters en masse. The name Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter Company was later changed to the P.O.M. company, a trademarked name made from the initials of Park-O-Meter. In 1992, POM began marketing and selling the first fully electronic parking meter, the patented APM Advanced Parking Meter, with features such as a free-fall coin chute and a choice of solar or battery power. By definition, traffic control is the supervision of the movement of people, goods, or vehicles to ensure efficiency and safety. For example, in 1935, England established the first 30 MPH speed limit for town and village roads. Rules are one method of controlling traffic, however, many inventions are used to support traffic control. For example, in 1994, William Hartman received a patent for a method and apparatus for painting highway markings or lines. Perhaps the best known of all inventions related to traffic control is traffic lights. Traffic Lights The worlds first traffic lights were installed near Londons House of Commons (intersection of George and Bridge Streets) in 1868. They were invented by J.P. Knight. Among the many early traffic signals or lights created the following are noted: Earnest Sirrine of Chicago, Illinois patented (976,939) perhaps the first automatic street traffic system in 1910. Sirrines system used the nonilluminated words stop and proceed.Lester Wire of Salt Lake City, Utah invented (unpatented) electric traffic lights in 1912 that used red and green lights.James Hoge patented (1,251,666) manually controlled traffic lights in 1913, which were installed in Cleveland, Ohio a year later by the American Traffic Signal Company. Hoges electric-powered lights used the illuminated words stop and move.William Ghiglieri of San Francisco, California patented (1,224,632) perhaps the first automatic traffic signal using colored lights (red and green) in 1917. Ghiglieris traffic signal had the option of being either manual or automatic.Around 1920, William Potts a Detroit policeman invented (unpatented) several automatic electric traffic light systems including an overhanging four-way, red, green, and yellow light system. The first to use a yellow light. Garrett Morgan received a patent for an inexpensive to produce manual traffic signal in 1923. Dont Walk Signs On February 5, 1952, the first Dont Walk automatic signs were installed in New York City.

The Iliad by Homer and The Aeneid by Virgil Essay

The Iliad by Homer and The Aeneid by Virgil - Essay Example Honor takes on different roles within each book. In The Iliad, Greek hero Achilles is ruled by personal honor. The concept is used in an individualistic manner. Achilles strives forth in his heroic efforts to be remembered throughout the ages. In Book IX, Odysseus tells Achilles that he can achieve personal honor and glory by saving the Achaians. Honor in The Aeneid is not individualistic. The Roman hero Aeneas is bound in honor to his duties of state and to the people. His exploits are done for his countrymen and for the Republic. In Book II, he recounts their tale to Dido, although reluctantly. Aeneas describes their story as a "sad remembrance" and that "I will restrain my tears and briefly tell, What in our last and fatal night befell" (26). In Book XII of The Aeneid, Aeneas displays honor by agreeing to single combat to save the lives of many. Aeneas fights Turnus, in hopes of ending the battle and returning peace to the Latins and Laurentum. Aeneas will also win the hand of Lavinia in marriage. Aeneas wounds Turnus, then slays him. Thus the war meets its end and the epic therefore ends. In Book XXII of The Iliad, Achilles instance of honor is quite different. Achilles fights in single combat against Hektor. Hektor is not a willing participant and only agrees after he is promised assistance from Athena. Achilles casts his spear first but misses. Hektor hits the center of Achilles shield with his spear. Achilles wins by stabbing Hektor in the throat. After dragging the dead body behind a horse for 9 days, he is humbled by Hektor's parents pleas. He returns the body, with thoughts of his own father on his mind. Honorable intentions have impacted the lives of many in these epic stories. Fate has a hand in affecting events as well. Fate in these stories involves two parts. There are laws that govern mens lives: human mortality and the afterlife. It is believed that there is a period of limbo in which the souls of the recently deceased pass through if left unburied. Another part of fate is the view that the outcome of certain events cannot be changed by man or God(s). In The Aeneid, Aeneas' journey is predestined and unalterable to Italy. The unification of the Trojans and the Latins is another predestined event, causing the formation of a new race. Human mortality and the afterlife are shown when Aeneas is taken to Hades to visit his father. In Book VI, Aeneas sees Deiphobus who is not as he was in life: "Whose face and limbs were one continued wound: Dishonest, with lopp'd arms, the youth appears, Spoil'd of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears" (135). In The Iliad, there is an unalterable predestined occurrence. Hekuba has a dream and foretells of the fall of Troy. In this dream, her son Paris will be the cause. Achilles is also predestined to die during the Trojan war, since he is mortal. His death was delayed somewhat by the fact that his mother dipped him in the river Styx. Human mortality and the afterlife are exemplified when Patroclos' spirit returns. In Book XXIII, he reminds Achilles that until he is buried he must wander the earth. This happenstance also supports the concept of the period of limbo souls await if left unburied. With fate often times comes strife. For Greeks, life is based on strife. If strife was avoided, then life was avoided. For Romans, strife is part of fulfilling a destiny. The trials test a leader, who himself does not often see the

Globalization and Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and Healthcare - Assignment Example The research paper â€Å"Globalization and Healthcare† highlights the importance of the healthcare policy as a general aspect in nursing. Nursing as a career offers a wide range of options, hence allowing nurses to work in a variety of settings such as in the emergency rooms, outpatient clinics, voluntary counseling centers in the military as well as in the schooling institutions and work places. This means that nurses are needed everywhere since they can work within any organization which does not need to be a hospital. The nursing career also offers a variety of roles that nurses can take, which includes anesthetists, midwifery, practitioners, researchers and educators. The nursing career offers one a chance to venture into entrepreneurship by starting personal clinics after receiving the Registered Nursing License. It is essential to ensure that the policy of the country of practice provides a flexible environment to ensure easy application. Health care administration invol ves taking care of the sick whether from home or from long term community placement. Health care administration is more of a calling than a career; this is because health care providers deal with different types of patients ranging from pediatrics to the psychics in mental hospitals. Health care providers watch over these patients and give them the care that they need by ensuring that they have taken their medication and that they are comfortable. It is critical though to look at health care administration from a career perspective.... My concept of nursing is that all patients should access medical attention regardless of their financial statuses. This is a concept that advocates for caring of the family members of the patients since they play a vital role on how the patient will respond to treatment and medication. The policy of a country may state otherwise. The verdict may be to treat only patients that are able to pay or the ones covered with insurance schemes. As nurses help patients through recovery, they are offered a unique chance to adapt and grow professionally (Dutton, 2007). This is undertaken with reference to the rules and regulations that are placed at the setting. The policy of a country requires understanding the religion aspects to be considered as one handles patients. Nursing requires an understanding of health belief systems that are carried by people from different cultural backgrounds. A nurse is likely to meet a patient from different cultures. Caring for the patient requires an analysis of what health systems the patient perceives, and how will the patient react to the health system (Dutton, 2007). Religion as an aspect of culture is highly variable. In nursing, one is required to understand the different religions and what policies they hold in relation to health care. Language is also an aspect of cultural diversification. It is indispensable to ensure that a nursing student communicates with given patients that he or she will be giving care. Many cultures across the globe hold different beliefs, some of which go as far as defying medical reasoning. In nursing, one is likely to meet a patient who holds such beliefs and the ability to handle such a patient determines the outcome of the patient (Dutton, 2007). The policy of the country may refer to cultural